Table 4 Comparison of baseline characteristics in the hemodialysis (HD), low-volume intermittent infusion hemodiafiltration (I-HDF), and high-volume I-HDF groups
HD | Low-volume I-HDF | High-volume I-HDF | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n, male (%) | 195,023 (64.4) | 4,218 (62.7) | 3,156 (65.0) | 0.010 |
Age, years | 70.1 ± 12.1 | 69.4 ± 12.4 | 68.7 ± 12.1 | < 0.0001 |
HD duration, months | 73 (37–136) | 66 (34–128) | 79 (39–145) | < 0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus, % | 56.6 | 55.4 | 53.3 | 0.0004 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.6 ± 4.0 | 21.7 ± 4.0 | 22.0 ± 4.1 | < 0.0001 |
β2-microglobulin, mg/L | 27.0 ± 7.0 | 27.2 ± 7.3 | 27.2 ± 6.5 | 0.066 |
Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | 3.6 ± 0.4 | < 0.0001 |
C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 0.16 (0.06–0.50) | 0.16 (0.06–0.49) | 0.15 (0.06–0.46) | 0.098 |
History of CVD, % | 31.0 | 37.1 | 37.5 | < 0.0001 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 151 ± 24.8 | 152 ± 25 | 151 ± 26 | < 0.0001 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 77.2 ± 14.6 | 78.2 ± 14.9 | 78.2 ± 14.7 | < 0.0001 |
Heart rate, bpm | 74.4 ± 12.9 | 74.8 ± 12.8 | 74.2 ± 12.4 | 0.059 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.8 ± 1.3 | 10.9 ± 1.3 | 10.9 ± 1.2 | < 0.0001 |
Kt/V | 1.45 ± 0.31 | 1.40 ± 0.29 | 1.47 ± 0.28 | < 0.0001 |
nPCR, g/kg/day | 0.84 ± 0.18 | 0.84 ± 0.17 | 0.86 ± 0.17 | < 0.0001 |
%CGR | 90.6 ± 29.1 | 89.4 ± 28.4 | 96.1 ± 26.5 | < 0.0001 |
Substitutional volume(L) | – | 1.0 (0.7–1.0) | 1.4 (1.4–1.5) | < 0.0001* |