Association of serum sodium minus chloride level at initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and hyperkalemia in patients with CKD: a case control study

Table 2 Univariate analysis for association of hyperkalemia after the initiation of ACE-I or ARB with baseline clinical characteristics

Characteristics at the initiation of ACE-I or ARB	Hyperkalemia^a (N = 71)	No hyperkalemia^a(N = 1072)	p-Value
Age	65.3 ± 14.4	68.0 ± 13.6	0.10
Male	46 (64.8%)	697 (65.0%)	1.00
Diabetes	67 (94.4%)	961 (86.9%)	0.28
Drugs increasing serum potassium	14 (19.7%)	136 (12.7%)	0.13
Drugs decreasing serum potassium	33 (46.5%)	333 (31.1)	0.01
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	35.7 ± 15.5	46.0 ± 11.5	< 0.001
Serum sodium minus chloride levels < 33.5 mEq/L	37 (52.1%)	366 (34.1%)	0.003
Serum potassium (mEq/L)	4.45 ± 0.42	4.21 ± 0.40	< 0.001
Hypoalbuminemia	40 (56.3%)	471 (43.9%)	0.06

Values are mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and tolvaptan were defined as the drugs that increase serum potassium level
Gastrointestinal cation exchangers, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, acetazolamide, and bicarbonate supplementation were defined as the drugs that decrease serum potassium level
ACE-I Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate
^aAt the first blood test after the initiation of ACE-I or ARB

ISSN: 2059-1381