Association of serum sodium minus chloride level at initiation of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers and hyperkalemia in patients with CKD: a case control study

Table 3 Multivariate analysis for association of hyperkalemia after the initiation of ACE-I or ARB with baseline clinical characteristics

Characteristics at the initiation of ACE-I or ARB	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval
Age	0.99	0.97–1.01
Male	0.81	0.48–1.41
Diabetes	1.89	0.72–6.49
Drugs increasing serum potassium	1.85	0.88–3.75
Drugs decreasing serum potassium	1.13	0.62–2.01
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	0.95	0.93–0.97
Serum sodium minus chloride levels < 33.5 mEq/L	1.13	0.65–1.95
Serum potassium (mEq/L)	5.69	2.71–12.6
Hypoalbuminemia	1.50	0.86–2.61

Values are mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and tolvaptan were defined as the drugs that increase serum potassium level
Gastrointestinal cation exchangers, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, acetazolamide, and bicarbonate supplementation were defined as the drugs that decrease serum potassium level
ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate

ISSN: 2059-1381