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Table 3 Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on immunological, inflammatory parameters, and trace elements

From: Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on nutritional, immunological, and cardiac parameters in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study

Variables

Before

3 months

6 months

Immunological and inflammatory parameters

   

 NK cell activity; E/T ratio 10:1 (%)

10.2 ± 8.8

10.5 ± 9.9

12.6 ± 12.4*

       E/T ratio 20:1 (%)

17.3 ± 14.1

17.4 ± 15.3

20.8 ± 17.7**

 CD4/CD8 ratio

2.2 ± 3.3

2.0 ± 2.2

2.1 ± 2.3

 IgG (mg/dL)

1460 ± 410

1430 ± 350

1490 ± 400

 IL-6 (pg/mL)

5.2 ± 2.5

7.8 ± 5.1*

7.7 ± 5.0

 sIL-2R (U/mL)

1311 ± 1020

1103 ± 448

1233 ± 498

 C-reactive protein (mg/dL)

0.6 ± 1.0

0.6 ± 0.9

1.0 ± 1.8

Trace elements

   

 Selenium (μg/L)

60.4 ± 13.9

63.5 ± 17.0

52.4 ± 12.2*

 Zinc (μg/dL)

48.5 ± 8.6

52.3 ± 10.1

51.7 ± 9.6

 Copper (μg/dL)

94.0 ± 19.1

90.8 ± 21.9

91.4 ± 23.0

  1. NK cell natural killer cell, E/T ratio effector cells/target cells ratio, CD cluster of differentiation, IgG immunoglobulin G, IL-6 interleukin-6, sIL-2R soluble interleukin-2 receptor, SD standard deviation
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. before treatment. Data, means ± SD