Table 2 Microbiological Quality Standard for Dialysis Fluids in Japan, excerpt from reference [14]
From: The central dialysis fluid delivery system (CDDS): is it specialty in Japan?
Attainment level | |
Dialysis water (reverse osmosis (RO) water) | |
Bacteria <100 CFU/ml | |
Endotoxin <0.050 EU/ml | |
Standard dialysis fluid | |
Bacteria <100 CFU/ml | |
Endotoxin <0.050 EU/ml | |
Ultrapure dialysis fluid | |
Bacteria <0.1 CFU/ml | |
Endotoxin <0.001 EU/ml (less than detection limit) | |
Online-prepared substitution fluid | |
Sterile and non-pyrogenic | |
Bacteria <10–6 | |
Endotoxin <0.001 EU/ml (less than detection limit) | |
Indications for dialysis system based on the quality of dialysis fluids | |
Standard dialysis fluid | |
Minimum requirement for dialysis therapy | |
Ultrapure dialysis fluida | |
Dialysis fluid for the preparation of online substitution fluid. | |
Dialysis system for active use of back filtrate | |
Push and pull HDF system | |
Internal filtration-enhanced dialysis (IFEHD) | |
Online-prepared substitution fluid | |
Online HDF/online hemofiltration |