Adjusted odds ratio | 95 % CI | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
<65 years | Reference | ||
≥65 years | 1.20 | 0.47–3.07 | 0.705 |
Sex | |||
Men | Reference | ||
Women | 0.76 | 0.25–2.35 | 0.634 |
Dialysis vintage | |||
<5 years | Reference | ||
≥5 years | 1.27 | 0.49–3.27 | 0.624 |
Reason for ESRD | |||
Non-diabetes | Reference | ||
Diabetes | 0.63 | 0.23–1.75 | 0.375 |
Needle insertion site | |||
Forearm | Reference | ||
Upper arm | 0.70 | 0.13-3.76 | 0.674 |
Lidocaine patch use | |||
No | Reference | ||
Yes | 1.12 | 0.42-2.98 | 0.815 |
Needle diameter | |||
18 gauge | Reference | ||
15–17 gauge | 5.69 | 2.17–14.96 | <0.001 |