Table 2 Subanalysis of the VA/NIH ATN and the RENAL studies

Dose

VA/NIH ATN

Palevsky (2008)

[5]

No difference in 60-day mortality between the intensive and less intensive groups

RENAL

Bellomo (2009)

[6]

No difference in 90-day mortality between the higher and lower intensity groups

RENAL

Bellomo (2013)

[8]

No difference in base excess correction between the higher and lower intensity groups. The higher intensity group had a greater increase in MAP and a decrease in norepinephrine dose.

VA/NIH ATN

Overberger (2007)

[9]

Intermittent hemodialysis and CRRT were the most commonly used RRT modalities in the USA. Most practitioners neither dosed CRRT based on patient weight nor routinely assessed the delivered dosage of hemodialysis.

Timing

RENAL

Jun (2014)

[16]

Earlier commencement of continuous RRT relative to RIFLE-I AKI onset was not significantly associated with improved mortality.

Risk prediction

VA/NIH ATN

Demirjian (2011)

[20]

21 independent predictors of 60-day mortality were identified. The new risk model outperformed existing generic and disease-specific scoring systems in predicting 60-day mortality.

Drug

RENAL

Wang (2014)

[23]

The use of ACE-I during the study was not common and, after adjustment for time-dependent covariates, was not significantly associated with reductions in mortality.

RENAL

Roberts (2015)

[25]

CRRT dose did not influence overall (systemic) antibiotic clearance, volume of distribution, or half-life. The proportion of systemic clearance due to CRRT varied widely.

Nutrition

RENAL

Bellomo (2014)

[36]

Mean DPI was markedly below current recommendations. On multivariate analysis, a lower DPI was not associated with increased 90-day mortality.

RENAL

Bellomo (2014)

[32]

Mean DCI during treatment in ICU was low. On multivariable analysis, DCI was not associated with a significant difference in 90-day mortality.

Renal recovery

VA/NIH ATN

Srisawat (2011)

[41]

For predicting renal recovery, decreasing urine biomarkers in the first 14 days was associated with greater odds of renal recovery.

Quality of life

VA/NIH ATN

Johansen (2010)

[43]

Health utility was low in this cohort of patients after AKI, and intensity of dialysis did not affect subsequent health utility.

VA/NIH ATN

Joyce (2012)

[44]

HRQOL was an independent predictor of mortality among survivors of AKI after adjusting for clinical risk variables.

RENAL

Wang (2015)

[45]

Survivors of severe AKI in the study had lower physical and mental components of HRQOL compared with the general population, even after adjustment for reduced renal function.