Fig. 6
From: The hydrogen molecule as antioxidant therapy: clinical application in hemodialysis and perspectives
Working hypothesis of the primary mechanism of H2-enriched HD solution to deliver clinical effects. There is exaggerated injury of circulating cells, such as mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages, during HD session. Upon injury, activation of pro-inflammatory M1 type macrophages dominate and serum myeloperoxidase is increased, which could enhance inflammation/oxidative stress furthermore, leading to exaggerate ischemic and atherosclerotic lesions. H2 could protect these cells from oxidative injuries during HD session, hence suppressing developments of systemic pathological conditions, such as endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and tissue ischemia by impaired microcirculation