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Fig. 4 | Renal Replacement Therapy

Fig. 4

From: Cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease (CKD)—an importance of vascular calcification and microcirculatory impairment

Fig. 4

Basic characteristics in pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in patients with CKD are shown. Cardiovascular complications in CKD occur under the pathophysiology of “vascular failure,” which means that intima and media both in vessels are injured through nitric oxide and/or oxidative stress as well as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia

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Renal Replacement Therapy

ISSN: 2059-1381

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