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Table 1 Baseline characteristics

From: A new risk scoring system for prediction of long-term mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis

  All Development dataset Validation dataset P value
N 622 312 310  
Male (%) 376 (60.45) 191 (61.22) 185 (59.68) 0.69
Age (years) 52.9 ± 14.1 51.9 ± 14.3 53.9 ± 14.0 0.07
Older (%) 133 (22.09) 63 (20.19) 70 (22.58) 0.47
Vintage (years) 5.7 ± 6.0 5.6 ± 5.7 5.9 ± 6.3 0.84
3.4 (1.2, 8.0) 3.5 (1.2, 7.8) 3.3 (1.3, 8.3)
BMI (kg/m2) 20.7 ± 2.7 20.6 ± 2.7 20.7 ± 2.8 0.83
Low BMI (%) 290 (46.62) 146 (46.79) 144 (46.45) 0.93
DM (%) 170 (27.33) 78 (25) 92 (29.68) 0.19
History of CVD 72 (11.58) 35 (11.22) 37 (11.94) 0.78
Hypertension 619 (99.52) 310 (99.36) 309 (99.68) 0.57
Pre-HD hypertension 619 (99.52) 310 (99.36) 309 (99.68) 0.57
Antihypertensive drug use 378 (60.77) 196 (62.82) 182 (58.71) 0.29
Hypotension during HD 218 (35.05) 105 (33.65) 113 (36.45) 0.46
CTR (%) 50.7 ± 5.0 50.2 ± 5.1 51.2 ± 5.0 0.02
High CTR (%) 330 (53.05) 155 (49.68) 175 (56.45) 0.09
Hemoglobin level (g/dL) 9.5 ± 1.1 9.4 ± 1.0 9.6 ± 1.2 0.07
Controlled hemoglobin level (%) 189 (30.39) 87 (27.88) 102 (32.9) 0.17
Plasma ANP level (pg/mL) 182.4 ± 153.2 180.0 ± 170.8 184.8 ± 133.5 0.10
143 (87.4, 238) 132.5 (79.9, 230.0) 149.5 (91.6, 241.0)
High ANP level (%) 472 (75.88) 231 (74.04) 241 (77.74) 0.28
Plasma BNP level (pg/mL) 474.4 ± 613.4 470.2 ± 699.3 478.6 ± 513.7 0.04
291.5 (150, 587) 261.5 (131.0, 508.0) 335.0 (166.0, 614.0)
High BNP level (%) 477 (76.69) 227 (72.76) 250 (80.65) 0.02
ST segment depression or negative T wave (%) 221 (35.53) 108 (34.62) 113 (36.45) 0.63
Abnormal Q wave (%) 39 (6.27) 20 (6.41) 19 (6.13) 0.89
Atrial fibrillation (%) 14 (2.25) 4 (1.28) 10 (3.23) 0.10
ECG score (%)     0.59
 0 380 (61.09) 195 (62.5) 185 (59.68)  
 1 211 (33.92) 103 (33.01) 108 (34.84)
 2 30 (4.82) 13 (4.17) 17 (5.48)
 3 1 (0.16) 1 (0.32) 0 (0)
All-cause death within 15 years (%) 409 (65.76) 200 (64.1) 209 (73.87) 0.01
All-cause death within 10 years (%) 342 (54.98) 155 (49.68) 187 (60.32) 0.01
All-cause death within 5 years (%) 197 (31.67) 96 (30.77) 101 (32.58) 0.63
CVD-caused death within 15 years (%) 230 (36.98) 102 (32.69) 128 (55.65) 0.03
CVD-caused death within 10 years (%) 197 (31.67) 86 (27.56) 111 (35.81) 0.03
CVD-caused death within 5 years (%) 117 (18.81) 56 (17.95) 59 (19.03) 0.73
Follow-up period (days) 2963.4 ± 1839.3 3043.7 ± 1904.8 2882.5 ± 1770.5 0.28
2813 (1301, 5040) 2908 (1246, 5182) 2712 (1319, 4584)
  1. Variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Vintage, plasma ANP and BNP levels, and follow-up days are also shown as median and interquartile range. Intergroup comparisons of parameters were performed using chi-square test, t test, and Mann Whitney U test as appropriate as appropriate
  2. Development dataset dataset for the development of risk score, Validation dataset dataset for the validation of risk score, Older 65 ≤ age, BMI body mass index, Low BMI BMI <20.4 kg/m2, DM diabetes mellitus as a cause of end-stage renal disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, HD hemodialysis, CTR cardiothoracic ratio, High CTR 50 % ≤ CTR, ANP atrial natriuretic peptide, High ANP level 132.5 pg/mL ≤ plasma ANP level, BNP brain natriuretic peptide, High BNP level 250 pg/mL ≤ plasma BNP level, ECG score the number of abnormal findings in electrocardiogram
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