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Table 1 Baseline characteristics
| All | Development dataset | Validation dataset | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 622 | 312 | 310 | |
| Male (%) | 376 (60.45) | 191 (61.22) | 185 (59.68) | 0.69 |
| Age (years) | 52.9 ± 14.1 | 51.9 ± 14.3 | 53.9 ± 14.0 | 0.07 |
| Older (%) | 133 (22.09) | 63 (20.19) | 70 (22.58) | 0.47 |
| Vintage (years) | 5.7 ± 6.0 | 5.6 ± 5.7 | 5.9 ± 6.3 | 0.84 |
| 3.4 (1.2, 8.0) | 3.5 (1.2, 7.8) | 3.3 (1.3, 8.3) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.7 ± 2.7 | 20.6 ± 2.7 | 20.7 ± 2.8 | 0.83 |
| Low BMI (%) | 290 (46.62) | 146 (46.79) | 144 (46.45) | 0.93 |
| DM (%) | 170 (27.33) | 78 (25) | 92 (29.68) | 0.19 |
| History of CVD | 72 (11.58) | 35 (11.22) | 37 (11.94) | 0.78 |
| Hypertension | 619 (99.52) | 310 (99.36) | 309 (99.68) | 0.57 |
| Pre-HD hypertension | 619 (99.52) | 310 (99.36) | 309 (99.68) | 0.57 |
| Antihypertensive drug use | 378 (60.77) | 196 (62.82) | 182 (58.71) | 0.29 |
| Hypotension during HD | 218 (35.05) | 105 (33.65) | 113 (36.45) | 0.46 |
| CTR (%) | 50.7 ± 5.0 | 50.2 ± 5.1 | 51.2 ± 5.0 | 0.02 |
| High CTR (%) | 330 (53.05) | 155 (49.68) | 175 (56.45) | 0.09 |
| Hemoglobin level (g/dL) | 9.5 ± 1.1 | 9.4 ± 1.0 | 9.6 ± 1.2 | 0.07 |
| Controlled hemoglobin level (%) | 189 (30.39) | 87 (27.88) | 102 (32.9) | 0.17 |
| Plasma ANP level (pg/mL) | 182.4 ± 153.2 | 180.0 ± 170.8 | 184.8 ± 133.5 | 0.10 |
| 143 (87.4, 238) | 132.5 (79.9, 230.0) | 149.5 (91.6, 241.0) | ||
| High ANP level (%) | 472 (75.88) | 231 (74.04) | 241 (77.74) | 0.28 |
| Plasma BNP level (pg/mL) | 474.4 ± 613.4 | 470.2 ± 699.3 | 478.6 ± 513.7 | 0.04 |
| 291.5 (150, 587) | 261.5 (131.0, 508.0) | 335.0 (166.0, 614.0) | ||
| High BNP level (%) | 477 (76.69) | 227 (72.76) | 250 (80.65) | 0.02 |
| ST segment depression or negative T wave (%) | 221 (35.53) | 108 (34.62) | 113 (36.45) | 0.63 |
| Abnormal Q wave (%) | 39 (6.27) | 20 (6.41) | 19 (6.13) | 0.89 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 14 (2.25) | 4 (1.28) | 10 (3.23) | 0.10 |
| ECG score (%) | 0.59 | |||
| 0 | 380 (61.09) | 195 (62.5) | 185 (59.68) | |
| 1 | 211 (33.92) | 103 (33.01) | 108 (34.84) | |
| 2 | 30 (4.82) | 13 (4.17) | 17 (5.48) | |
| 3 | 1 (0.16) | 1 (0.32) | 0 (0) | |
| All-cause death within 15 years (%) | 409 (65.76) | 200 (64.1) | 209 (73.87) | 0.01 |
| All-cause death within 10 years (%) | 342 (54.98) | 155 (49.68) | 187 (60.32) | 0.01 |
| All-cause death within 5 years (%) | 197 (31.67) | 96 (30.77) | 101 (32.58) | 0.63 |
| CVD-caused death within 15 years (%) | 230 (36.98) | 102 (32.69) | 128 (55.65) | 0.03 |
| CVD-caused death within 10 years (%) | 197 (31.67) | 86 (27.56) | 111 (35.81) | 0.03 |
| CVD-caused death within 5 years (%) | 117 (18.81) | 56 (17.95) | 59 (19.03) | 0.73 |
| Follow-up period (days) | 2963.4 ± 1839.3 | 3043.7 ± 1904.8 | 2882.5 ± 1770.5 | 0.28 |
| 2813 (1301, 5040) | 2908 (1246, 5182) | 2712 (1319, 4584) |
