Fig. 2

Pathological findings of chronic antibody-mediated rejection. a Transplant glomerulopathy (Banff classification; cg). Glomerular capillary walls were duplicated diffusely and narrowed capillary lumens were markedly present with endothelial cell swelling and few inflammatory cells [PAS, ×400]. b Transplant arteriopathy (Banff classification;cv) The intima in interlobular arteries showed a neointima formation without prominent elastic fibers, in which a few mononuclear inflammatory cells were included [Masson Trichrome, ×400]. c Transplant capillaropathy, multilayering of the basement membrane in PTCs (arrow). Light microscopic findings showed PTCs in chronic ABMR. Basement membranes of PTCs were thick as same as tubular basement membranes [PAS, ×400]. d Electron microscopy findings showed multilayering of the PTCs basement membrane outside (arrow). Mononuclear cells were present in PTCs and endothelial cell was swelling. e Positive C4d immunostaining in PTCs of ABMR. C4d immunostaining in dilated PTCs was linearly positive with inflammatory cells presentation in the capillary lumens