Fig. 3

Pathological findings of T cell-mediated rejection, plasma cell-rich rejection, and acute and chronic CNI nephrotoxicity. a Focal aggressive tubulointerstitial rejection with moderate tubulitis. (Banff classification; i and t) Inflammatory cells were present in the edematous interstitial lesions and inside of tubular basement membrane staying between tubular epithelial cells (arrow). b Diffuse aggressive tubulointerstitial rejection with severe tubulitis. (Banff classification; i and t) Massive inflammatory cells were occupied in the interstitium. Partial dissolution and rupture of the tubular basement membrane were evident (arrow) [Masson Trichrome, ×400]. c Plasma cell-rich acute rejection (PCAR). Tubulointerstitial inflammatory cells infiltration, which are predominantly plasma cells (arrow) [PAS, ×400]. d Acute CNI nephrotoxicity. The straight portion of proximal tubular epithelial cells showed isometric vacuolization. e Chronic CNI nephrotoxicity. Arteriole were surrounded by the amorphous materials substitute for the medial smooth muscle cells