Table 4 Associated mechanisms of PUBS
From: Purple urine bag syndrome in benign prostatic hyperplasia patient
| Increased available tryptophan substrate for conversion | |
| Alkaline urine facilitates indoxyl oxidation | |
| Increased time for bacterial deamination in constipation and slow gut motility | |
| Female short urethra prone to UTI | |
| Catheter in situ bacteriuria | |
| In UTI, more bacterial sulfatase/phosphatase availability | |
| In uremic patients, impaired clearance of indoxyl sulfate |