Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Studies | Year | Location | Mean age (SD) | Mean duration of dialysis therapy (SD), years | No. in groups (control, training) | Duration of intervention (weeks or months) | Type of intervention in control group | Type of intervention in exercise group | Training program | Intensity of program | Measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carmack et al. [26] | 1995 | USA | All 44.1 | No data | Ex 23 Con 25 | 10 weeks | Usual care | Intradialytic | Aerobic exercise for 20 – 30 min using cycle ergometer 3 times per week | No data | CES-D |
Giannaki et al. [27] | 2013 | Greece | Ex 56.4 (12.5) Con 55.7 (10.4) Total: no data | Ex 3.9 (1.3) Con 4.0 (1.7) Total: no data | Ex 15 Con 7 | 6 months | Placebo | Intradialytic | Progressive aerobic exercise training using a recumbent cycle ergometer 3 times a week | 60–65% of the patient’s maximal exercise capacity (in Watts) | SDS |
van Vilsteren et al. [28] | 2005 | The Netherlands | Ex 52 (15) Con 58 (16) | Ex 3.22 (4.08) years Con 3.90 (4.41) years | Ex 53 Con 43 | 12 weeks | Usual care | Pre-dialysis strength training Intradialytic Exercise counseling | A 5–10-min warm up and cool down A 20-min exercise program including calisthenics, steps, flexibility, and low weight resistance training Cycling 20–30 min 2–3 times per week Techniques based on the transtheoretical model, motivational interviews, and health counseling | Borg scale 12–16 (< 60% maximal capacity) | SDS |
Kouidi et al. [29] | 1997 | Greece | Ex 49.6 (12.1) Con 52.8 (10.2) | Ex 5.9 (4.9) Con 6.2 (5.4) | Ex 20 Con 11 | 6 months | Usual care | Non-dialysis days | Supervised exercise (stationary cycling, walking or jogging, calisthenics, aerobics, swimming, and/or game sports) 90 min 3–4 times weekly | 50–60% of their VO2max or 60–70% of their HRmax | BDI |
Ouzouni et al. [30] | 2009 | Greece | Ex 47.4 (15.7) Con 50.5 (11.7) | Ex 7.7 (7.0) Con 8.6 (6.0) | Ex 19 Con 14 | 10 months | Usual care | Intradialytic | 60–90 min 3 times weekly (cycling: 30 min; strength training: 30 min; flexibility exercise: 30 min) | Borg scale 13–14 (“somewhat hard”) | BDI |