Table 1 Observational studies examining the relationship between serum Mg levels and cardiovascular calcification/atherosclerosis
Authors (year) | Subjects | Study design | Dialysate Mg (mmol/L) | Outcome | Adverse effects of hypomagnesemia |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Meema et al. (1987) [62] | 44, PD | Prospective follow-up for an average of 27Â months | 0.75 | Progression and regression of artery calcification evaluated by plain X-ray | Yes |
Tzanakis et al. (1997) [63] | 56, HD | Cross-sectional analysis | 0.81 | Mitral annular calcification detected by echocardiography | Yes |
Tamashiro et al. (2001) [64] | 24, HD | Prospective follow-up for an average of 17Â months | 0.5 | Changes in coronary artery calcification scores evaluated by CT | No |
Tzanakis et al. (2004) [65] | 93, HD | Cross-sectional analysis | 0.48 | Carotid intima-media thickness evaluated by ultrasound | Yes |
Ishimura et al. (2007) [66] | 390, HD, non- DM | Cross-sectional analysis | 0.5 | Arterial calcification of the hands detected by plain X-ray | Yes |
Liu et al. (2013) [32] | 98, HD | Cross-sectional analysis | 0.5 | Carotid intima-media thickness evaluated by ultrasound | Yes |
Sakaguchi et al. (2016) [67] | 109, pre-dialysis CKD, DM | Cross-sectional analysis | – | Density of coronary artery calcification evaluated by CT using Agatston scores | Yes |
Molnar et al. (2017) [68] | 80, PD | Cross-sectional analysis | 0.25 | Abdominal aortic calcification scores on lateral lumbar spine X-ray | Yes |