Table 1 Patient characteristics
From: Asymptomatic peripheral artery disease and mortality in patients on hemodialysis
Characteristics | All patients (n = 310) | Non-PAD (n = 223) | PAD (n = 87) | P,* non-PAD vs. PAD | Asymptomatic PAD (n = 58) | Symptomatic PAD (n = 29) | P,† asymptomatic vs. symptomatic PAD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 66.0 (61.0, 74) | 65.0 (60.0, 73.0) | 69.0 (64.0, 75.5) | 0.017 | 70.0 (65.0, 77.5) | 66.0 (63.0, 73.0) | 0.174 |
Male, % | 183 (59.0%) | 134 (60.1%) | 49 (56.3%) | 0.607 | 36 (62.1%) | 13 (44.8%) | 0.170 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 20.7 (18.7, 23.0) | 20.4 (18.7, 23.0) | 21.0 (18.8, 22.8) | 0.720 | 20.9 (18.4, 22.8) | 21.3 (19.4, 22.8) | 0.402 |
Time on hemodialysis, years | 5 (1, 13) | 5 (1, 14) | 5 (2, 11) | 0.675 | 4. (1, 8) | 10 (4, 15) | 0.019 |
Cause of ESRD, % | < 0.001 | 0.448 | |||||
Glomerulonephritis | 95 (30.6%) | 78 (35.0%) | 17 (19.5%) | 12 (20.7%) | 5 (17.2%) | ||
Diabetic nephropathy | 107 (34.5%) | 58 (26.0%) | 49 (56.3%) | 29 (50.0%) | 20 (69.0%) | ||
Hypertension | 28 (9.0%) | 21 (9.4%) | 7 (8.0%) | 6 (10.3%) | 1 (3.4%) | ||
Cystic disease | 13 (4.2%) | 11 (4.9%) | 2 (2.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (3.4%) | ||
Other | 43 (13.9%) | 34 (15.2%) | 9 (10.3%) | 8 (13.8%) | 1 (3.4%) | ||
Unknown | 24 (7.7%) | 21 (9.4%) | 3 (3.4%) | 2 (3.4%) | 1 (3.4%) | ||
Comorbid conditions | |||||||
Diabetes, % | 126 (40.6%) | 76 (34.1%) | 50 (57.5%) | 0.001 | 30 (51.7%) | 20 (69.0%) | 0.260 |
Coronary artery disease, % | 51 (16.5%) | 24 (10.8%) | 27 (31.0%) | < 0.001 | 15 (25.9%) | 12 (41.4%) | 0.150 |
Cerebrovascular disease, % | 53 (17.1%) | 32 (14.3%) | 21 (24.1%) | 0.045 | 15 (25.9%) | 6 (20.7%) | 0.791 |
Spinal stenosis, % | 38 (12.3%) | 17 (7.6%) | 21 (24.1%) | < 0.001 | 10 (17.2%) | 11 (37.9%) | 0.061 |
Medication | |||||||
ACEI, % | 23 (7.4%) | 19 (8.5%) | 4 (4.6%) | 0.335 | 3 (5.2%) | 1 (3.4%) | 1.000 |
ARB, % | 138 (44.5%) | 104 (46.6%) | 34 (39.1%) | 0.254 | 27 (46.6%) | 7 (24.1%) | 0.062 |
CCB, % | 136 (43.9%) | 100 (42.9%) | 36 (41.4%) | 0.612 | 28 (48.3%) | 8 (27.6%) | 0.071 |
Beta-blockerv, % | 85 (27.4%) | 51 (22.9%) | 34 (39.1%) | 0.007 | 21 (36.2%) | 13 (44.8%) | 0.489 |
Lipid-lowering agent, % | 50 (16.1%) | 37 (16.6%) | 13 (14.9%) | 0.864 | 7 (12.1%) | 6 (20.7%) | 0.344 |
Antiplatelet agent, % | 138 (44.5%) | 81 (36.3%) | 57 (65.5%) | < 0.001 | 36 (62.1%) | 21 (72.4%) | 0.473 |
Anticoagulant agent, % | 13 (4.2%) | 4 (1.8%) | 9 (10.7%) | 0.002 | 5 (8.6%) | 4 (13.8%) | 0.474 |
Smoking status (ever), % | 182 (58.7%) | 121 (54.3%) | 61 (70.1%) | 0.014 | 41 (70.7%) | 20 (69.0%) | 1.000 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | 136.8 ± 25.3 | 136.8 ± 24.2 | 137 ± 27.9 | 0.930 | 137.9 ± 28.5 | 135.4 ± 27.1 | 0.303 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 75.4 ± 13.5 | 77.2 ± 12.6 | 71.1 ± 14.6 | 0.001 | 72.4 ± 15.3 | 68.1 ± 12.7 | 0.162 |
Pulse pressure, mmHg | 61.0 (49.0, 73.3) | 58.0 (48.0, 71.0) | 64.0 (53.0, 78.8) | 0.006 | 63.0 (52.0, 78.0) | 65.0 (56.0, 81.0) | 0.459 |
Pulse rate | 71.0 (64.5, 80.0) | 70.0 (65.0, 80.8) | 73.0 (64.0, 79.0) | 0.708 | 72.0 (63.8, 78.3) | 75.0 (66.0, 79.0) | 0.447 |
Ankle–brachial index | 1.12 (0.96, 1.19) | 1.16 (1.10, 1.22) | 0.82 (0.68, 0.92) | < 0.001 | 0.87 (0.79, 0.94) | 0.73 (0.59, 0.82) | < 0.001 |
Toe–brachial index | 0.75 ± 0.22 | 0.79 ± 0.20 | 0.58 ± 0.21 | < 0.001 | 0.57 ± 0.16 | 0.66 ± 0.42 | 0.312 |
Creatinine, mEq/L | 10.1 ± 2.6 | 10.4 ± 2.7 | 9.4 ± 2.4 | 0.002 | 9.2 ± 2.7 | 9.9 ± 1.6 | 0.214 |
Calcium, mg/dL | 8.7 (8.4, 9.1) | 8.8 (8.4, 9.1) | 8.7 (8.4, 9.1) | 0.342 | 8.7 (8.4, 9.0) | 8.7 (8.4, 9.1) | 0.787 |
Phosphorus, mg/dL | 5.1 ± 1 | 5.1 ± 1 | 5 ± 1.1 | 0.809 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 1.1 | 0.593 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.1 (10.5, 11.7) | 11.1 (10.6, 11.7) | 10.9 (10.5, 11.9) | 0.702 | 10.9 (10.4, 11.9) | 11.0 (10.5, 11.8) | 0.665 |
Hematocrit, % | 33.0 (31.3, 34.9) | 33.0 (31.3, 34.8) | 33.0 (31.2, 35.0) | 0.942 | 33.0 (31.2, 35.1) | 32.9 (31.1, 34.8) | 0.928 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.7 (3.5, 3.9) | 3.8 (3.5, 4.0) | 3.7 (3.5, 3.9) | 0.036 | 3.7 (3.5, 3.8) | 3.7 (3.6, 3.9) | 0.485 |
HDL-C, mg/dL | 41.0 (32.0, 52.8) | 43.0 (33.5, 55.0) | 37.0 (30.0, 48.0) | < 0.001 | 37.0 (30.0, 45.8) | 36.0 (30.0, 50.0) | 0.939 |
LDL-C, mg/dL | 86.0 (67.0, 105.0) | 86.0 (66.50, 104.0) | 87.0 (68.5, 107.0) | 0.319 | 88.0 (71.0, 113.5) | 86.0 (65.0, 100.0) | 0.317 |
Triglycerides, mg/dL | 111.5 (80.3, 173.8) | 106.0 (75.5, 156.0) | 126.0 (83.5, 189.0) | 0.045 | 122.0 (82.3, 181.0) | 132.0 (111.0, 211.0) | 0.129 |
GNRI | 94.0 (89.5, 98.3) | 93.8 (90.1, 98.5) | 95.1 (88.9, 97.6) | 0.340 | 95.0 (87.1, 97.3) | 95.3 (90.5, 98.3) | 0.276 |