Table 1 Review of the literature on vertebral AVF caused by jugular catheter insertion
From: A case of vertebral arteriovenous fistula in a patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis
Case no. | Sex | Age (years) | Clinical presentation | Cause | Side | Level | Treatment | Clinical outcome | Reference no. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | F | 72 | Murmur | Jugular dialysis catheter | R | C5/6 | coil | Asymptomatic | Present |
2 | M | 53 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | R | C5/6 | balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 3 |
3 | M | 34 | Tinnitus | Jugular catheter | L | C5/6 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 3 |
4 | M | 71 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | L | C5 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 3 |
5 | M | 51 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | R | C6 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 3 |
6 | F | 66 | Vertigo | Jugular catheter | R | C6 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 3 |
7 | F | 57 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | L | C6 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 3 |
8 | M | 68 | Neurological | Jugular catheter | L | C6 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 3 |
9 | F | 35 | Tinnitus | Jugular catheter | R | C5 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
10 | M | 37 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | R | C5/6 | Abstention | Not occluded | 2 |
11 | M | 38 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | R | C3 | Surgical repair | Asymptomatic | 2 |
12 | M | 45 | Vertebral ischemia | Jugular catheter | R | C5/6 | Surgical repair/balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
13 | M | 47 | Tinnitus | Jugular catheter | R | C6 | Abstention | Not occluded | 2 |
14 | M | 49 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | R | C6 | Abstention | Not occluded | 2 |
15 | M | 51 | Tinnitus | Jugular catheter | R | C6 | Surgical repair/balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
16 | M | 53 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | R | C5/6 | Surgical repair/balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
17 | M | 55 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | R | C5/6 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
18 | F | 56 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | R | C3 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
19 | F | 57 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | L | C5/6 | Abstention | Asymptomatic | 2 |
20 | F | 57 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | L | C6 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
21 | F | 61 | Tinnitus | Jugular catheter | R | C5/6 | Surgical repair/balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
22 | M | 61 | Tinnitus | Jugular catheter | R | C6 | Surgical repair | Asymptomatic | 2 |
23 | F | 66 | Vertebral ischemia | Jugular catheter | R | C6 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
24 | M | 70 | Neurological | Jugular catheter | R | C5/6 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 2 |
25 | M | 71 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | L | C4/5 | Balloon occlusion | Not occluded | 2 |
26 | F | 77 | Symptom-free | Jugular catheter | R | C6 | Surgical repair | Asymptomatic | 2 |
27 | M | 66 | Murmur | Swan-Ganz’s catheter | R | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 8 | |
28 | F | 11 | Radiculopathy | Jugular catheter | R | C2–5 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 12 |
29 | F | 69 | Murmur | Jugular catheter | R | Unknown | Surgical repair | Asymptomatic | 13 |
30 | M | 72 | Blood gas analysis consistent with arterial blood | Jugular dialysis catheter | L | C5 | Balloon occlusion | Asymptomatic | 14 |
31 | M | 57 | Murmur | Jugular catheter | R | Unknown | Surgical repair | Asymptomatic | 23 |
32 | F | 42 | Dizziness, nausea, headache | Jugular catheter | R | Unknown | Surgical repair | Asymptomatic | 24 |