Table 8 Monitoring and surveillance for VAF
From: Pharmaceutical prevention strategy for arteriovenous fistula and arteriovenous graft failure
● Physical examination | |
● Blood flow measurement (AVF: monthly, AVG: every 3 months) | |
● Ultrasound examination of VA at regular intervals | |
● Venous pressure measurement | |
● Pre-emptive balloon angioplasty to prevent VAF |