Table 1 Kidney diseases that are identified in HIV-infected patients
From: A high likelihood of increase in end-stage renal disease among the Japanese HIV-infected population
Diseases | Clinical characteristics |
|---|---|
HIV-specific glomerular disease | |
 HIVAN | Detectable viral load, a high amount of proteinuria, albuminuria, RPGN |
 HIVIC | Proteinuria and/or hematuria, variable manifestation including AKI |
 TMA | AKI, proteinuria, hematuria with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia |
HIV-non-specific glomerular disease | |
 HCV-related glomerulonephritis | Proteinuria and/or hematuria, nephritic syndrome, a decrease in serum complements |
 Diabetic nephropathy | Proteinuria (microalbuminuria to nephrotic syndrome), a decrease in GFR |
 Glomerular sclerosis | Older patients, hypertension, no or low amount of proteinuria, coexistence of atherosclerotic diseases |
 Membranous glomerulopathy | Nephrotic syndrome; idiopathic and secondary causes associated with HBV or cancers |
 Minimal change disease | Nephrotic syndrome, use of NSAIDs |
 IgA nephropathy | Hematuria and/or proteinuria with or without renal failure |
 Post-infectious glomerulonephritis | Hematuria and/or proteinuria with or without renal failure |
ART-associated tubular injury | |
 Acute tubular necrosis | Use of TDF |
 Cristal nephropathy | Use of IDV and ATV |
 Acute or chronic interstitial nephritis | Use of ATV |