Table 1 Kidney diseases that are identified in HIV-infected patients
From: A high likelihood of increase in end-stage renal disease among the Japanese HIV-infected population
| Diseases | Clinical characteristics |
|---|---|
| HIV-specific glomerular disease | |
| HIVAN | Detectable viral load, a high amount of proteinuria, albuminuria, RPGN |
| HIVIC | Proteinuria and/or hematuria, variable manifestation including AKI |
| TMA | AKI, proteinuria, hematuria with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia |
| HIV-non-specific glomerular disease | |
| HCV-related glomerulonephritis | Proteinuria and/or hematuria, nephritic syndrome, a decrease in serum complements |
| Diabetic nephropathy | Proteinuria (microalbuminuria to nephrotic syndrome), a decrease in GFR |
| Glomerular sclerosis | Older patients, hypertension, no or low amount of proteinuria, coexistence of atherosclerotic diseases |
| Membranous glomerulopathy | Nephrotic syndrome; idiopathic and secondary causes associated with HBV or cancers |
| Minimal change disease | Nephrotic syndrome, use of NSAIDs |
| IgA nephropathy | Hematuria and/or proteinuria with or without renal failure |
| Post-infectious glomerulonephritis | Hematuria and/or proteinuria with or without renal failure |
| ART-associated tubular injury | |
| Acute tubular necrosis | Use of TDF |
| Cristal nephropathy | Use of IDV and ATV |
| Acute or chronic interstitial nephritis | Use of ATV |