A high likelihood of increase in end-stage renal disease among the Japanese HIV-infected population

Table 2 Prevalence of CKD among HIV-infected patients

	Cohort	Age	Year	Country	Reference
Prevalence of any CKD (stages 1–5 or risk zones ≥ yellow)
14.9%	788 HIV	46.2 ± 11.8 (all subjects)	2010	Japan	28
15.4%	732 HIV	46.7 ± 12.0 (all subjects)	2011	Japan	23
12.9%	1482 HIV	44.2 ± 11.4 (all subjects)	2013	Japan	29
14.1%¹	1447 HIV	44.4 ± 11.5 (all subjects)	2014	Japan	24
15.8%¹	2135 HIV	44.5 ± 11.5 (all subjects)	2018	Japan	30
20.4%²	1976HIV	44.5 ± 11.5 (all subjects)	2018	Japan	30
15.5%	1239 HIV	49.2 ± 10.1 (CKD subjects) 45.1 ± 10.6 (non-CKD subjects)	2002	US	31
16.8%	322 HIV	45.2 ± 11.7 (all subjects)	2007	China	32
23.7%	224 HIV	46.4 ± 9.4 (CKD subjects) 43.6 ± 8.7 (non-CKD subjects)	2008	US	33
Prevalence of high-risk CKD (≥ stages 3 or risk zones ≥ orange)
9.4%	788 HIV	46.2 ± 11.8 (all subjects)	2010	Japan	28
9.7%	732 HIV	46.7 ± 12.0 (all subjects)	2011	Japan	23
6.7%	1482 HIV	44.2 ± 11.4 (all subjects)	2013	Japan	29
6.6%¹	1447 HIV	44.4 ± 11.5 (all subjects)	2014	Japan	24
9.6%¹	2135 HIV	44.5 ± 11.5 (all subjects)	2018	Japan	30
5.3%²	1976 HIV	44.5 ± 11.5 (all subjects)	2018	Japan	30
3.5%	4474 HIV	43.4 (38.5–50.8) (all subjects)^*	2007	Europe	34
5.6%	322 HIV	45.2 ± 11.7 (all subjects)	2007	China	32
5.9%	1239 HIV	49.2 ± 10.1 (CKD subjects) 45.1 ± 10.6 (non-CKD subjects)	2002	US	31
9.7%	224 HIV	46.4 ± 9.4 (CKD subjects) 43.6 ± 8.7 (non-CKD subjects)	2008	US	33

Prevalence without annotation is determined, according to the staging system based on the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines
¹Prevalence is determined, according to the CGA classification, using proteinuria with estimated glomerular filtration rate
²Prevalence is determined, according to the CGA classification, using albuminuria with estimated glomerular filtration rate
*Age is expressed as mean ± standard deviation, except for reference 34, in which median (interquartile range) is employed

ISSN: 2059-1381