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Table 1 Characteristics, physical function, and ADL difficulty of study participants

From: Comparison of difficulty with activities of daily living in elderly adults undergoing hemodialysis and community-dwelling individuals: a cross-sectional study

 

Hemodialysis group

(n = 136)

Control group

(n = 40)

P value

Age (years)

73.8 ± 6.7

75.4 ± 5.8

0.16

 65 to 74

78 (57.4)

17 (42.5)

 

 ≥ 75

58 (42.6)

23 (57.5)

 

Men

72 (52.3)

20 (50.0)

0.74

Height (m)

1.59 ± 0.09

1.58 ± 0.09

0.30

Body weight (kg)

54.6 ± 11.0

55.5 ± 8.0

0.63

Body mass index (kg/m2)

21.4 ± 3.4

22.3 ± 2.3

0.11

 < 18.5

32 (23.5)

2 (5.0)

 

 18.5 to 24.9

85 (62.5)

35 (87.5)

 

 ≥ 25.0

19 (14.0)

3 (7.5)

 

Duration of hemodialysis (years)

7.5 (3.0, 13.5)

–

–

Primary kidney disease

 

–

–

 Glomerulonephritis

39 (28.7)

  

 Diabetes

47 (34.6)

  

 Hypertension

9 (6.6)

  

 Other

23 (16.9)

  

 Unknown

18 (13.2)

  

Comorbidity index score (points)

7 (5, 9)

–

–

Albumin (g/dL)

3.7 ± 0.3

–

–

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

10.8 ± 0.9

–

–

Living alone

34 (25.0)

5 (12.5)

0.08

SARC-F score (points)

3 (1, 5)

1 (0, 2)

< 0.001

 ≥ 4

58 (42.6)

1 (2.5)

 

Grip strength (kg)

21.6 ± 7.1

26.7 ± 6.6

< 0.001

 Male < 26, female < 18

82 (60.3)

7 (17.5)

 

Five-times sit-to-stand test time (s) *

11.2 ± 4.6

6.5 ± 2.6

< 0.001

Usual gait speed (m/s)

1.04 ± 0.31

1.59 ± 0.27

< 0.001

 < 0.8

29 (21.3)

0 (0.0)

 

 ≤ 1.0

59 (43.4)

0 (0.0)

 

Maximum gait speed (m/s)

1.35 ± 0.43

2.00 ± 0.39

< 0.001

 Male ≤ 1.50, female ≤ 1.35

75 (55.1)

1 (2.5)

 

SPPB score (points)

11 (8, 12)

12 (12, 12)

< 0.001

 ≤ 9

46 (33.8)

0 (0.0)

 

U/L ADL difficulty score (points)

40 (31, 49)

52 (45, 54)

< 0.001

 Light work

22 (18, 27)

28 (22, 30)

< 0.001

 Holding activities

18 (14, 22)

24 (21, 25)

< 0.001

L/L ADL difficulty score (points)

41 (30, 50)

56 (51, 58)

< 0.001

 Basic ADL

11 (9, 13)

14 (12, 15)

< 0.001

 Ambulation

18 (12, 24)

25 (21, 25)

< 0.001

 Walking up or down stairs

13 (10, 16)

19 (16, 20)

< 0.001

  1. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, number (percentage), or median (interquartile range)
  2. *Twelve hemodialysis patients could not complete the five-times sit-to-stand test.
  3. ADL: activities of daily living, L/L: lower limb, SPPB: Short physical performance battery, U/L: upper limb
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Renal Replacement Therapy

ISSN: 2059-1381

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