Fig. 1

Relationship between reduction rate and amount of albumin leakage. No significant correlation is found between the amount of alb leakage and β₂-MG reduction rate. Since β₂-MG is primarily removed by diffusion as well as convection, this indicates that high-efficiency removal is possible with little to no alb leakage. α₁-MG cannot be removed with high efficiency without some degree of alb leakage. Furthermore, as 30–50% of α₁-MG is bound to dimeric IgA in renal failure, the maximum reduction rate is around 60%