Table 2 Quality assessment of included articles

Li et al. [11, 22]

2015

Cross-sectional

Retrospective

National

Discharge codes from hospitalizations prior to starting RRT-ICD 10

None

None

*

*

*

*

*

5

2016

MRM

Age, sex, years since starting RRT, treatment modality, events, comorbidities

*

*

*

*

*

*

6

Grun et al. [23]

2003

Cohort

Prospective

4 dialysis units

At baseline

None

Sex, age, treatment modality, comorbid conditions, cohort, length of time since initiation

*

*

*

*

4

Kao et al. [24]

2013

Cohort

Retrospective

National

Stratification

Stratification by matched HD-PD on age, sex, DM status

*

*

*

3

Su et al. [25]

2010

Cross-sectional

Prospective

One district

MRM

Comorbidities, age

*

*

*

3

Yang et al. [26]

2001

Cross-sectional

Prospective

3 medical centers

Matching

Matched DM–no DM on age, sex, duration of dialysis

*

*

2

Hynes et al. [27]

2012

Cohort

Prospective

Veterans Affairs facilities

Year prior the index date-ICD 9

MRM

Age, gender, race, income, insurance, comorbidities, quality of well-being

*

*

*

*

*

5

Bruns et al. [28]

1997

Cross-sectional

Retrospective

1 medical center

Stratification

Stratification by age

*

1

Salonen et al. [29]

2003

Cohort

Prospective

1 medical center

MRM

Stratification by treatment modality

*

*

2

Couillerot et al. [30]

2017

Cross-sectional

Retrospective

National

Use of drugs for DM

Stratification

Stratification on age and RRT modality, events

*

*

*

*

4

Icks et al. [31]

2010

Cross-sectional

Prospective

1 medical center

MRM

Gender, age, ESKD duration, time of dialysis

*

*

*

3

Joyce et al. [32]

2004

Cohort

Retrospective

Commercially insured patients in 61 Health Plans

Year prior the index date-ICD 9

MRM

Age, gender, insurance, comorbidities, region, medication use. No adjustment on RRT modality.

*

*

*

*

4

Mau et al. [33]

2010

Cohort

Retrospective

National

2 years prior the index date-ICD 9

MRM

Age, gender, race, comorbidities, Hb, eGFR, albumin, BMI, hospital days pre-onset

*

*

*

*

*

*

6

Ghoddousi et al. [35]

2007

Cross-sectional

Retrospective

1 medical center

Reported in the EMR

None

None

*

*

*

3

Smith et al. [36]

1989

Cohort

Retrospective

Michigan database

None

None

*

*

*

3

Woodward et al. [37]

2011

Cohort

Retrospective

US Renal Data System

ICD 9

None

None

*

*

*

*

*

*

6

Wong et al. [34]

2012

Cohort

Retrospective

National

Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups

Stratification

None

*

*

*

*

*

5

Manley et al. [38]

2005

Cross-sectional

Retrospective

National

None

None

*

*

*

*

4