Certainty assessment | Effect | Certainty | Importance |
|---|
No. of studies | Study design | Bias risk | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Inaccuracy | Other | | | |
|---|
Death |
16 | Observational studies | Serious | Serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | HD is better: 9 reports PD is better: 2 reports | ⨁◯◯◯ Very low | Critical |
- Notes:
- The 17th paper was excluded due to a very high bias risk
- Control of confounding factors was not carried out; hence, there is a serious risk for bias
- A study that used a database containing data from Korea, Australia, and Taiwan had problems with indirectness in its methodology for both PD and HD
- No research on urine volume, residual renal function, or glycemic control outcomes
