Fig. 2

Forest plot comparing changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between uric acid-lowering therapy (ULT) users and nonusers: a all studies; and subgroup analysis of b study used allopurinol; c studies used non-purine structure agents, including febuxostat and topiroxostat; d studies with follow-up period of longer than or equal to 1 year; e studies with follow-up period of less than 1 year; f studies including patients with eGFR of greater than or equal to 40 mL/min/1.73 m²; and g studies including patients with eGFR of less than 40 mL/min/1.73 m²; h forest plot comparing incidence of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) between ULT users and nonusers; and i forest plot comparing incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) leading to study drug discontinuation between ULT users and nonusers. Abbreviations: ULT, uric acid-lowering therapy