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Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the two groups

From: Welfare receipt and the risk of vitamin D deficiency in Japanese patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a cross-sectional, retrospective study

Parameter

Total

Welfare status

P value

Non-welfare

Welfare

Non-welfare versus Welfare

N (%)

106 (100)

90 (84.9)

16 (15.1)

–

Age, years

66.9 ± 10.8

67.0 ± 11.0

66.3 ± 10.0

0.810

Female sex, n (%)

45 (42.5)

40 (44.4)

5 (31.3)

0.325

BMI, kg/m2

21.5 [19.6, 24.3]

21.5 [19.6, 24.3]

22.9 [19.6, 25.1]

0.589

HD vintage, year

7.9 [2.9, 12.3]

8.4 [3.0, 12.5]

6.9 [2.8, 8.8]

0.218

Diabetes, n (%)

38 (35.8)

27 (30.0)

11 (68.8)

0.003*

History of immunosuppressant use, n (%)

7 (6.6)

7 (7.8)

0 (0)

0.248

IPAQ-SF, METs × minutes/week

724.5 [192, 2079]

823.5 [266.0, 1891.5]

357.0 [0, 2423.0]

0.292

Hb, g/dL

11.1 [10.7, 11.7]

11.1 [10.8, 11.7]

10.8 [10.5, 11.5]

0.246

CRP, mg/dL

0.12 [0.05, 0.31]

0.10 [0.05, 0.26]

0.25 [0.06, 0.44]

0.162

Alb, g/dL

3.6 ± 0.3

3.6 ± 0.3

3.5 ± 0.3

0.370

cCa, mg/dL

9.0 ± 0.7

9.0 ± 0.7

8.8 ± 0.8

0.206

P, mg/dL

5.4 ± 1.1

5.4 ± 1.1

4.9 ± 1.0

0.103

iPTH, pg/mL

199.1 [119.0, 277.2]

202.6 [121.4, 281.0]

129.8 [111.4, 253.4]

0.370

25(OH)D, ng/mL

14.3 [11.0, 18.9]

14.8 [11.2, 19.9]

11.5 [8.7, 14.0]

0.005*

VD category (deficiency/non-deficiency), n

32/74

24/66

8/8

0.061

  1. Abbreviations: Alb: albumin; BMI, body mass index; cCa, corrected calcium; CRP, C-reactive protein; Hb, hemoglobin; HD, hemodialysis; IPAQ-SF, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; MET, metabolic equivalent; P, phosphorus; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; VD, vitamin D
  2. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, the median [interquartile range] or as frequencies and percentages [n (%)]
  3. *P < 0.01