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Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the participants

From: Research on the relationship between serum indoxyl sulfate concentration and iron dynamics index in patients with end-stage kidney disease: a cross-sectional study

 

All patients (n = 37)

Low IS group (n = 19)

High IS group (n = 18)

p valuea

Sex (M/F)

28/9

14/5

14/4

1.000

Age (y)

69 ± 12

71 ± 11

68 ± 13

0.411

BMI (kg/m2)

23.4 ± 4.7

22.4 ± 3.7

24.5 ± 5.5

0.187

Cause of ESKD (DM/CGN/NS/unknown)

19/4/4/10

12/4/0/3

7/0/4/7

 

Complication

    

 Diabetes mellitus

23 (62%)

13 (68%)

10 (56%)

0.640

 Hypertension

27 (73%)

13 (68%)

14 (78%)

0.787

 Hyperlipidemia

10 (27%)

5 (26%)

5 (28%)

1.000

Laboratory data

    

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

8.62 ± 1.47

8.07 ± 1.21

9.19 ± 1.54

0.020*

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

5.08 (3.78–7.97)

5.50 (3.99–7.97)

4.94 (3.78–6.07)

0.118

 Albumin (g/dL)

2.94 ± 0.53

2.9 ± 0.6

3.0 ± 0.5

0.536

 BUN (mg/dL)

89.6 ± 25.5

87.1 ± 23.1

92.3 ± 28.1

0.541

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

9.5 ± 1.4

9.4 ± 1.5

9.5 ± 1.2

0.823

 Potassium (mEq/L)

4.4 ± 0.8

4.4 ± 0.8

4.4 ± 0.8

0.899

 Calcium (mg/dL)

7.6 ± 0.9

7.6 ± 1.0

7.5 ± 0.9

0.572

 Phosphorus (mg/dL)

5.9 ± 1.1

5.6 ± 1.1

6.1 ± 1.2

0.195

 AST (U/L)

14 (6–54)

14 (8–54)

14 (6–26)

0.726

 CRP (mg/dL)

0.20 (0.02–1.75)

0.34 (0.02–1.75)

0.12 (0.02–1.43)

0.224

 Ferritin (ng/mL)

89.6 (10.3–419)

133 (21.1–419)

61.9 (10.3–314)

0.022*

 TSAT (%)

20 (8–59)

21 (8–51)

16 (8–59)

0.315

 IS concentration (μM)

62 (11–182)

44 (11–62)

98 (63–182)

< 0.001*

Drug

    

 RAAS inhibitor

22 (60%)

13 (68%)

9 (50%)

0.420

 Activated vitamin D

15 (41%)

7 (37%)

8 (44%)

0.892

 Diuretics

20 (54%)

10 (53%)

10 (56%)

1.000

 ESA

33 (89%)

15 (79%)

18 (100%)

0.126

 Iron-containing agents

8 (22%)

6 (32%)

2 (11%)

0.266

  1. Data are presented as total numbers, percentages, medians (range) or means ± standard deviations
  2. BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; CGN, chronic glomerulonephritis; NS, nephrosclerosis; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; TSAT, transferrin saturation; IS, indoxyl sulfate; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; ESA, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent
  3. *Statistically significant
  4. aComparison between the low IS group (≤ 62 μM) and high IS group (62 μM) using Chi-square test, unpaired Student’s t test or Mann–Whitney’s U test