Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age (year)

65.9 ± 9.7

68.3 ± 8.7

0.43

Male to female

12:6

17:5

0.50

DM to non-DM

4:14

9:13

0.31

ARB/ACEI (use to non-use)

17:1

18:4

0.36

Body weight (kg)

65.6 ± 6.6

66.0 ± 8.9

0.86

BMI (kg/m²)

25.0 ± 1.8

24.6 ± 2.9

0.66

%IBW

114 ± 8

112 ± 13

0.66

Energy (kcal/kg IBW/day)

29 ± 4

28 ± 5

0.49

Protein (g/kg IBW/day)

0.75 ± 0.18

0.78 ± 0.19

0.67

BUN (mg/dL)

37.0 ± 12.3

49.7 ± 21.6

0.03

Creatinine (mg/dL)

3.9 ± 2.0

4.6 ± 3.4

0.44

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

15.4 ± 7.1

13.6 ± 6.8

0.43

Indoxyl sulfate (log μg/mL) (μg/mL)

0.71 ± 0.49 (5.2)

0.82 ± 0.29 (6.3)

0.36

Urine protein excretion (g/day)

0.9 ± 0.9

2.3 ± 3.9

0.15

CRP (mg/dL)

0.04 ± 0.04

0.11 ± 0.15

0.10