Peritonitis-induced peritoneal injury models for research in peritoneal dialysis review of infectious and non-infectious models

Table 1 Summary of representative rodent models used to study peritoneal dialysis and its associated complications

Representative animal models		Methods	Species	Experimental period	Peritoneal dysfunction	Neoangiogenesis	Fibrosis	EPS	References
Peritonitis model
Infectious model	Bacteria	Staphylococcus aureus	Mouse	2 days	No report	No report	No report	−	[14]
Infectious model	Bacteria	Staphylococcus aureus	Rat	2 weeks	No report	No report	±	−	[15,16,17,18]
		Staphylococcus epidermidis	Mouse	2 weeks	No report	No report	No report	−	[20]
		Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Rat	1 week	No report	No report	No report	−	[21]
	Fungus	Candida albicans	Mouse	1 day	No report	No report	No report	−	[22]
	Performance without aseptic precautions		Mouse	1 week	+	+	No report	−	[23]
	Performance without aseptic precautions		Rat	1 week	+	+	No report	−	[23,24,25]
Non-infectious model		LPS	Mouse	1 day	+	No report	No report	−	[26, 27]
Non-infectious model		LPS	Rat	1 day	+	No report	No report	−	[28, 29]
		PDF with LPS	Rat	3–6 weeks	+	+	+	−	[29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]
		SES	Mouse	2 days	No report	No report	No report	−	[11, 37]
		Scraping	Rat	2 weeks	+	+	+	−	[38, 39]
		Zymosan with scraping	Rat	5 weeks	No report	+	+	±	[64, 67]
		PDF	Mouse	4–5 weeks	+	+	+	−	[78,79,80,81,82,83]
		PDF	Rat	1–20 weeks	+	+	+	−	[69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77]
		Chlorhexidine	Mouse	1–8 weeks	+	+	+	+	[97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108]
		Chlorhexidine	Rat	1–8 weeks	+	+	+	+	[84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96]
		Methylglyoxal	Mouse	3–7 weeks	+	+	+	+	[113, 114]
		Methylglyoxal	Rat	3 weeks	+	+	+	+	[109,110,111,112]
		TGF-β1	Mouse	1–10 weeks	No report	+	+	+	[115,116,117,118]
		TGF-β1	Rat	1–4 weeks	+	+	+	−	[119, 120]

LPS lipopolysaccharide, PDF peritoneal dialysis fluid, SES a lyophilized cell-free supernatant, TGF-β1 transforming growth factor-β1, EPS encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis

ISSN: 2059-1381