Fig. 4

Life expectancy of the Japanese general population and dialysis population by age. The life expectancy by year were demonstrated among the Japanese general (gray lines) and dialysis (black lines) population for male (a) and female (b). The ratios of life expectancy of dialysis patients to the general population by sex (the black line, male; the gray line, female) were also demonstrated by age (c). The ratios were almost uniform and about 50% irrespective of patients’ age. This figure was reproduced from reference [18]