Table 1 Studies regarding nutritional interventions in hemodialysis patients with protein-energy wasting
Case number | Author | Reported year | Reference | Subjects | Design | Period | Results and clinical nutrition significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Fouque et al. | 2008 | [4] | 86 HD patients | Randomized controlled trial: ONS vs control groups | 90 days | ↑ DEI, DPI, SGA, QOL |
2 | Scott et al. | 2009 | [5] | 88 HD patients | Randomized controlled trial: ONS vs control groups | 90 days | ↑ albumin, QOL |
3 | Moretti et al. | 2009 | [6] | 49 HD patients | Randomized controlled trial: ONS vs control groups | 1- year | ↑ nPCR, albumin |
4 | Malgorzewia et al. | 2011 | [7] | 55 HD patients: PEW (30) Control (25) | Randomized controlled trial: ONS vs control groups | 90 days | ↑ albumin, prealbumin in 30 PEW patients |
↓ CRP, levels in both group | |||||||
5 | Magnard J et al. | 2013 | [8] | 50 HD patients | Randomized controlled trial: exercise vs control group (energy intake 30–40 kcal/kg of ideal weight/day, and protein intake > 1.1 g/kg of ideal weight/day) | 180 days | ↑ walk function, albumin and prealbumin, body composition (LTI, FTI), muscle strength, postural stability, QOL (SF-36) |
6 | Ravel VA et al. | 2013 | [9] | 98,489 HD patients | Prospective cohort study: reference level (60 to < 70 g/d), low protein nitrogen appearance (PNA) levels | 8-years | ↑ risk of death |
7 | Rattanasompattikul M et al. | 2013 | [10] | 84 HD patients | Pilot-feasibility, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial: ONS、PTX、ONS + PTX、control groups | 16 weeks | ↑ albumin (ONS、PTX、ONS + PTX groups) |
8 | Pasian C et al. | 2014 | [11] | 48 HD patients | Means of a dietetic intervention | 28 days | ↑ prealbumin, physical autonomy, grip strength |
9 | Mpio I et al. | 2015 | [12] | 49 HD patients | Prospective study: optimization of protein and energy intake in the daily meals | 1- year | ↑ QOL |
↓ mortality | |||||||
10 | Hristea D et al. | 2016 | [13] | 21 HD patients | Pilot randomized controlled trial: nutrition-exercise group vs Nutrition group | 6 months | ↑ physical function (6MWT, balance), QOL(SF-36) |
No change albumin, prealbumin, CRP, BMI, lean- and fat-tissue index, or quadriceps force. Not to have the potential to reverse PEW. | |||||||
11 | Sohrabi Z et al. | 2016 | [14] | 92 HD patients | A randomized, controlled, nonblinded, parallel trial: vitamin E–fortified Whey beverage vs whey beverage vs vitamin E vs control | 8 weeks | Whey protein in the form of a new fermented whey beverage and vitamin E supplementation may improve SGA score and MIS in the short term. |
12 | Martin-Alemañy G et al. | 2016 | [15] | 36 HD patients | Randomized controlled trial: ONS+ resistance exercise (RE) vs control groups | 90 days | ↑ BW, BMI, AMC, TSF, fat mass percentage, grip strength, phase angle and albumin in both group |
↓ prevalence of PEW | |||||||
13 | Jo IY et al. | 2017 | [16] | 42 HD patients | Intervention study: personalized nutritional counseling | 1- year | ↑ DPI, albumin, and cholesterol levels |
↓ body cell mass, fat free mass | |||||||
14 | Hajira B et al. | 2017 | [17] | 100 HD patients | Intervention study: dietary counseling | 60 days | ↑ DEI, DPI, AC, TSF, cholesterol |
15 | Hosojima M et al. | 2017 | [18] | 50 HD patients | Randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot trial: endosperm protein vs soy and casein proteins | 4 weeks | ↑ nPCR |