Table 1 Representative risk factors for calciphylaxis based on previous reports [7, 12, 13]

・Renal insufficiency

・Hypercalcemia

・Hyperphosphatemia

・Hyperparathyroidism (both primary and secondary)

・Over-suppression of i-PTH with adynamic bone disease

・Vitamin K deficiency

・Female sex

・Obesity

・Diabetes mellitus

・Hypoalbuminemia

・Rapid weight loss

・Thrombophilia (e.g., antithrombin III deficiency, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, or lupus anticoagulant)

・Skin trauma (e.g., from subcutaneous injections)

・Medications (e.g., warfarin, VDRA, calcium carbonate, corticosteroids, and recombinant PTH)