Table 3 Previous studies on presenteeism in pre-dialysis CKD patients

Haalen et al. [4]

CKD stages 3–5

WPAI

CKD stage 3a: 18.8%

Lower hemoglobin levels worsen the impact of CKD on QOL, and are associated with lower work productivity in patients with CKD

CKD stage 3b: 19.6%

CKD stage 4: 27.9%

CKD stage 5: 21.3%

All CKD stage: 22.3%

Eriksson et al. [29]

CKD stages 1–5 (ADPKD)

WPAI

CKD stages 1–3: 7.4%

Mean total direct and indirect costs were approximately twice as high in patients with CKD stages 4–5 compared to CKD stages 1–3

CKD stages 4–5: 18.8%

Covic et al. [30]

CKD stages 3–4

WPAI

N/A

The presence of concomitant cardiovascular conditions was more common in non-dialysis CKD patients with comorbid anemia, and was associated with reduced QOL and work productivity outcomes