Table 1 Patient characteristics

Participant background data

 Age (years)

69.8 ± 11

 Sex (male/female)

687/518

 BMI (kg/m²)

21.9 ± 4.2

Dialysis vintage (month)

78.3 ± 96.2

Cause of dialysis (n, %)

 Diabetic nephropathy

411 (34.1)

 Chronic glomerulonephritis

234 (19.4)

 Nephrosclerosis

176 (14.6)

 Polycystic kidney disease

38 (3.2)

 Chronic pyelonephritis

5 (0.4)

 RPGN

10 (0.8)

 Other

73 (6.1)

 Unknown

258 (21.4)

Comorbidities (n, %)

 Hypertension

728 (60.4)

 Diabetes

531 (44.6)

 Dyslipidemia

228 (18.9)

Hematological data

 Alb (g/dL)

3.5 ± 0.4

 BUN (mg/dL)

58.2 ± 14.8

 Cr (mg/dL)

9.6 ± 2.6

 P (mg/dL)

5.2 ± 1.2

 Ca (mg/dL)

8.6 ± 0.8

 PTH-INT (pg/mL)

168.5 ± 147.9

 Hb (g/dL)

11 ± 1.4

 TIBC (μg/dL)

244.6 ± 62.2

 Ferritin (ng/mL)

99.2 ± 104.8

 CRP (g/dL)

0.4 ± 0.7

 GNRI

92.1 ± 8.2

 % CGR (%)

95.3 ± 29.3

 nPCR (g/kg/day)

0.8 ± 0.2

 Kt/V

1.6 ± 0.3

Physical function

 10-m walking speed (m/s)

1.3 ± 0.4

 Grip strength (kg)

22.1 ± 7.9

 LES (%)

40.4 ± 14.9

 OLST (s)

16.2 ± 29.2

 SPPB (point)

9.6 ± 2.7