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Table 1 Baseline characteristics at outpatient visit before onset of hyperkalemia

From: Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate hydrate reduces medical expenses compared with hemodialysis in patients with acute hyperkalemia

Factor

SZC group (N = 14)

HD group (N = 7)

p value

Demographics

 Age (years old)

81 [77, 85]

82 [75, 87]

0.63

 Men (number, %)

9 (64.3)

5 (71.4)

1

 Body mass index (kg/m2)

21.7 [19.4, 23.5]

21.6 [20.5, 24]

0.68

 Permanent pacemaker implantation (number, %)

1 (7.1)

0 (0.0)

1

Comorbidity

 Hypertension (number, %)

11 (78.6)

6 (85.7)

1

 Diabetes mellitus (number, %)

8 (57.1)

3 (42.9)

0.66

 Chronic heart failure (number, %)

8 (57.1)

2 (28.6)

0.36

 History of coronary intervention

5 (35.7)

2 (28.6)

1

 Dementia (number, %)

2 (14.3)

1 (14.3)

1

CKD stage

  

0.92

 G3a (number, %)

3 (21.4)

1 (14.3)

–

 G3b (number, %)

1 (7.1)

1 (14.3)

–

 G4 (number, %)

6 (42.9)

2 (28.6)

–

 G5 (number, %)

4 (28.6)

3 (42.9)

–

Medication

 RAS inhibitors (number, %)

10 (71.4)

4 (57.1)

0.64

 Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (number, %)

7 (50.0)

2 (28.6)

0.64

 Loop diuretics (number, %)

9 (64.3)

5 (71.4)

1

 Thiazide diuretics (number, %)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

NA

 Tolvaptan (number, %)

3 (21.4)

3 (42.9)

0.35

 Insulin (number, %)

3 (21.4)

1 (14.3)

1

 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (number, %)

5 (35.7)

0 (0.0)

0.12

 SGLT2 inhibitor (number, %)

3 (21.4)

0 (0.0)

0.52

Laboratory data

 Serum albumin (g/dL)

3.8 [3.3, 4.0]

3.7 [3.5, 3.0]

0.55

 Serum urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

43.9 [27.9, 61.7]

40.6 [3, 46.5]

0.55

 Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

2.13 [1.60, 3.14]

1.69 [1.38, 3.10]

0.60

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

21.4 [15.5, 31.3]

26.3 [16.3, 36.1]

0.65

 Serum uric acid (mg/dL)

6.4 [5.0, 6.9]

6.6 [5.2, 9.5]

0.40

 Serum sodium (mEq/L)

139 [137, 140]

140 [138, 140]

0.73

 Serum chlorine (mEq/L)

105 [103, 106]

106 [103, 109]

0.52

 Serum potassium (mEq/L)

5.0 [4.8, 5.5]

5.2 [4.8, 5.5]

0.82

 Serum calcium (mg/dL)

8.6 [8.4, 9.4]

8.9 [8.8, 9.4]

0.27

  1. Continuous variables are presented as median and interquartile. Categorical variables are presented as number and percentage. Continuous variables were compared between the two groups using Mann–Whitney U-test. Categorical variables were compared between the two groups using Fisher’s exact test
  2. CKD stage was defined as follows: G3a, eGFR of ≥ 45 and < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2; stage G3b, eGFR of ≥ 30 and < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2; stage 4, eGFR of ≥ 15 and < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2; and stage 5, eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2
  3. CKD chronic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HD hemodialysis, NA not applicable, RAS renin–angiotensin system, SGLT2 Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2; and SZC, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
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Renal Replacement Therapy

ISSN: 2059-1381

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