Table 1 Patient characteristics (overall, frailty, and non-frailty)
Overall | Frailty (≥ 3 points) | Non-frailty (< 3 points) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 220 | n = 67 | n = 153 | ||
Characteristics | ||||
Age, years | 67.8 ± 11.6 | 74.7 ± 9.7 | 64.8 ± 11.1 | < 0.001 |
Men, n (%) | 130.0 (59.1) | 48.0 (71.6) | 82.0 (53.6) | 0.012 |
Primary kidney disease, n (%) | 0.046 | |||
Hypertension | 20.0 (9.1) | 3.0 (4.5) | 17.0 (11.1) | |
Glomerulonephritis | 67.0 (30.5) | 16.0 (23.9) | 51.0 (33.3) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 74.0 (33.6) | 23.0 (34.3) | 51.0 (33.3) | |
Others | 27.0 (12.3) | 14.0 (20.9) | 13.0 (8.5) | |
Unknown | 32.0 (14.5) | 11.0 (16.4) | 21.0 (13.7) | |
Dialysis vintage, years | 10.0 ± 8.4 | 10.3 ± 8.1 | 9.9 ± 8.6 | 0.489 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 21.8 ± 4.1 | 20.4 ± 3.1 | 22.4 ± 4.4 | 0.002 |
GNRI | 94.9 ± 6.3 | 91.9 ± 6.3 | 96.2 ± 5.8 | < 0.001 |
Pre-dialysis serum creatinine, mg/dL | 10.6 ± 2.4 | 9.5 ± 1.8 | 11.1 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 |
Serum Albumin, g/dL | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.9 ± 0.9 | 10.9 ± 0.9 | 10.9 ± 0.9 | 0.588 |
Comorbidity index, score | 6.2 ± 3.3 | 8.0 ± 3.3 | 5.4 ± 3.0 | < 0.001 |
Physical activity | ||||
LoPAQ total physical activity, kcal/week | 825.0 (369.4–1848.8) | 437.5 (105.0–1082.5) | 1155.0 (500.0–2240.0) | < 0.001 |
LoPAQ walking activity, kcal/week | 315.0 (105.0–735.0) | 140.0 (0–323.8) | 420.0 (166.3–980.0) | < 0.001 |
LoPAQ sedentary time, hours/week | 5.0 (3.0–6.0) | 5.0 (4.0–7.0) | 4.0 (3.0–6.0) | 0.024 |
Pedometer, steps/week | 23090.5 (10990.5–38275.5) | 9024.0 (4554.0–13260.0) | 30563.0 (19639.5–45795.0) | < 0.001 |
Physical performance | ||||
Handgrip strength, kg | 24.3 ± 7.9 | 20.0 ± 6.5 | 26.1 ± 7.8 | < 0.001 |
Gait speed, m/s | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
Sit-to-stand, score | 3.2 ± 1.2 | 2.5 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
Balance score | 3.5 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 3.7 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
Total SPPB score | 10.4 ± 2.4 | 8.8 ± 3.1 | 11.2 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |