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Table 3 Effect of incentive spirometry exercise on diaphragmatic functions in the studied patients

From: Diaphragmatic dysfunction in hemodialysis patients: risk factors and effect of incentive spirometry training

 

Incentive spirometry

N = 22

Standard Care

N = 21

p value

Diaphragmatic excursion (cm)

Rt tidal

 Baseline

1.20 ± 0.26

1.26 ± 0.22

0.62

 8 weeks

1.9 ± 0.24

1.61 ± 0.22

0.04

 p value

 < 0.001

0.21

–

 Change

0.72 ± 0.33

0.36 ± 0.16

 < 0.001

Rt deep

 Baseline

4.41 ± 0.55

4.23 ± 0.25

0.37

 8 weeks

5.21 ± 0.53

4.54 ± 0.21

 < 0.001

 p value

 < 0.001

0.64

–

 Change

0.81 ± 0.48

0.30 ± 0.18

 < 0.001

Rt sniff

 Baseline

2.11 ± 0.29

2.19 ± 0.27

0.55

 8 weeks

2.71 ± 0.37

2.27 ± 0.23

0.006

 p value

 < 0.001

0.17

–

 Change

0.6 ± 0.36

0.07 ± 0.15

 < 0.001

Diaphragmatic thickness mm

Rt tidal insp

 Baseline

2.69 ± 0.31

2.79 ± 0.14

0.23

 8 weeks

2.78 ± 0.28

2.89 ± 0.11

0.14

 p value

0.2

0.23

–

 Change

0.09 ± 0.3

0.11 ± 0.06

0.77

Rt tidal Exp

 Baseline

1.79 ± 0.20

1.67 ± 0.22

0.18

 8 weeks

1.69 ± 0.20

1.72 ± 0.24

0.71

 p value

0.092

0.41

–

 Change

0.09 ± 0.24

0.05 ± 0.07

0.2

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Renal Replacement Therapy

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